Anorectal
disease
Hemroids are large, saclike blood vessels similar to varicose veins located in and around the Excretory Orifice (the opening of the Excretory Orifice canal) and lower rectum (the portion of the large intestine just proximal to the Excretory Orifice canal).
Anorectal disease pertains to those illnesses located in the Excretory Orifice and rectal portions of the large intestine. The most common diseases are: 
Some contributing factors to hemroids are aging, chronic constipation or diarrhea and pregnancy.
Most hemroidsal symptoms respond to non-surgical treatment such as increasing intake of dietary fiber and avoiding predisposing conditions such as constipation.
Surgical treatment is indicated for patients who continue to have severe bleeding, pain or protrusion despite good medical treatment. The most common surgical treatments for severe hemroids are rubber band ligation and hemroidsectomy. The rubber band ligation procedure can be performed by a surgeon as an outpatient procedure.
Surgery to remove hemroids -- the hemroidsectomy -- is the best method for permanent removal of hemroids. This procedure is usually performed as an outpatient but may require hospitalization and a period of inactivity.
An Excretory Orifice fissure is a small tear in the lining of the Excretory Orifice which causes pain, bleeding and itching.
Excretory Orifice fissures are frequently caused by hard, dry bowel movements, diarrhea and inflammation in the anorectal area.
Most fissures heal spontaneously or with non-surgical treatments such as medicated creams and topical ointments.
When surgical treatment of fissures is required it can usually be performed without an overnight hospital stay. Surgical repair -- an internal sphincterotomy -- consists of a small operation to relieve the underlying muscle spasm which contributes to the fissure.
In most cases, pain disappears after a few days and complete healing occurs in a few weeks.
An anorectal abscess is an infected cavity filled with pus found near the Excretory Orifice (the opening of the Excretory Orifice canal) or rectum (the portion of large intestine just proximal to the Excretory Orifice canal). The abscess results when bacteria or fecal matter enters the tissue outside the Excretory Orifice through infected Excretory Orifice glands from within the Excretory Orifice canal.
An Excretory Orifice fistula is a small, abnormal tunnel connecting the Excretory Orifice glands from which abscesses originate to the skin of the buttocks outside the Excretory Orifice. Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and colitis increase the likelihood of Excretory Orifice abscesses and fistulas.
Symptoms of both ailments include constant pain, skin irritation around the Excretory Orifice, pus drainage, fever and swelling.
An Excretory Orifice abscess is treated by surgically draining pus from the infected cavity and making an opening in the skin near the Excretory Orifice to relieve pressure. This procedure is usually done on an outpatient basis. Fistulotomy -- surgical treatment to cure an Excretory Orifice fistula -- can be performed on an outpatient basis as well or with a short hospital stay.
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